     __________________________________________________________
     NLSFUNC                                                (E)
     
     :
          㧪 ଠ樨  ࠭.
     
     ⠪:
     
          nlsfunc [[᪮:][]_䠩]
     
          :
     
          _䠩  -    䠩  ᮤঠ饣  ଠ 
                        ࠭.
                          㬮砭  ।   
                        command    䠩   config.sys.   ᫨
                                   䠩
                        config.sys,  MS-DOS ᯮ  䠩
                        country.sys  ୥ ⠫.
     
     ਩:
        ஡  ଠ    ᯮ짮  
nlsfunc  ਢ    ਫ  ,  "ᯮ짮  
࠭".
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     PATH                                                   (I)
     
     :
          ⠭  ᪠.
     
     ⠪:
     
          path [᪮:][][;[᪮:][]...]
     
          
     
          path ;
               
     ਩:
     ᨬ쭠     ᪠  믮塞  䠩
(.exe,   .com,   .bat)   127   ᨬ.     ⠫
ᬠਢ  ᫥  室    ⥪饬  .   
㪠 ᪮쪨 ⮢ ᪠, ᫥ 㦭 ⤥
窮  ⮩.  뢮 ⥪饣   
path  権:
     
     path ;
     
     室  ⠬ 믮  㪠 浪.
                                                         
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     PRINT                                                  (E)
     
     :
            ⥪⮢  䠩  ६ 믮 㣮
           MS-DOS (䮭 ).
          
     ⠪:
     
print  [/d:ன⢮][/b:ࠧ][/u:祭1] [/m:祭2]
[/s:ࢠ][/q:।][/t][᪮:][ᯥ䨪][/c][/p]
       
      ਢ 祭 ᯮ㥬 祩:
     
                 祭
     __________________________________________________________
     /d:ன⢮   뢠         ன⢠    
                     (LPT1(PRN), LPT2, LPT3, COM1, COM2,  COM3
                       COM4).  ᫨   㪠뢠, 
                           ப.
                      㬮砭 ਭ  PRN.
     /b:ࠧ         ७    . 
                     ᪮७         
                     㢥稢.     쭮    祭,
                     ਭ饥    ६         
                     㬮砭,  ࠢ  512,   ᨬ쭮 -
                     1634.
     /u:祭1    뢠    ⢮    ᨣ    
                     ன⢠   ,      祭  
                       print    ਭ.   ᫨   
                     祭 ⮣ ६ ਭ 㯥,
                            믮.  
                     祭: 1-255,  㬮砭 - 1.
     /m:祭2    뢠    ⢮    ᨣ    
                     ன⢠   ,      祭  
                      print ⠥ ᨬ.  
                     祭: 1-255,  㬮砭 - 2.
     /s:ࢠ     뢠  ࢠ ६, ᯮ㥬
                     楤ன । ᮢ  MS-DOS
                         print.   祭:
                     1-255,  㬮砭 - 8.
     /q:।      ⢮  䠩   ।  .
                      祭: 4-32,  㬮砭  -
                     10.       ⮣  祭  
                       ᯮ짮    print  
                      䠩, ਬ:
                     
                     print /q:32
                     
     /t                 ।   䠩, 㦥
                     室騥 ⠬.
     /              砥  ०  ⬥    㤠   
                     䠩,   ᫥饥      ⮣    
                      ப,   ᫥騥 
                     䠩  ।  .    
                     㪠  䠩  ⮣ .
     /              砥  ०      砥  
                     䠩,  ᫥饥     ⮣      
                      ப,   ᫥騥 
                     䠩    ।   .  
                     㪠  䠩  ⮣ .
     __________________________________________________________
     ᫨    print    権,      ࠭
     㤥 뢥 ᮤন ।  .
     
     ਬ砭:
       /d, /b, /u, /m, /q, /s ࠧ襭 ⮫쪮  ࢮ
᫥ ᪠ MS-DOS  맮    print.    
ᠭ    ।           64
ᨬ, ⮬  ᫨      ॢ蠥  㪠
祭,      ਤ ।⥫쭮  
⠫.
     
     ਬ:
      ᫥⥫쭮   묠    ।
 䠩  ⠢ 㤠 㣮:
     
     print moifile.doc /c
     print egofile.doc /p
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     PROMPT                                                 (I)
     
     :
           ⥬ ᪠.
     
     ⠪:
     
          prompt [[⥪][$ᨬ]...]
     
     ਩:
     ᫨       祭,  㤥
⠭   祭    㬮砭,  ..    ࠭  㤥
뢮  ⥪饣 ᪮, ਬ: >.
     騥  ᨬ      ᯮ짮    뢮
ᯥ樠 ᪠:
     
           ᪠
     _______________________________________________
     $q          ᨬ (=)
     $$          ᨬ ($)
     $t          ⥪饥 ६
     $d          ⥪ 
     $p          ࠡ稩 ⠫ ⥪饣 ᪮
     $v           ᨨ
     $n          ⥪騩 ᪮
     $g          ᨬ (>)
     $L          ᨬ (<)
     $b          ᨬ (|)
     $_          ॢ ப
     $e          ASCII  X'1B' (ࠢ.)
     $h          㤠 ।騩 ᨬ
     _______________________________________________
                                                   
     ਬ:
     ⮬ ப:
     
     prompt time = $t$_date = $d
     
     㤥:
     
     time = ......(⥪饥 ६)
     date = ......(⥪ )
     
        ப 뢮 ᪠  ᭮
     ०:
     
     prompt $e[7m$n:$e[m
           
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     RECOVER                                            (E) (N)
     
     :
          ⠭ ଠ  ⠢ 䥪묨
          ᥪ஢ ᪠.
                   
     !
       ⠭  䠩         ୥
⠫.  ⮬  ᫨  ᫮  ६ ⠭
䠩 ॢ蠥 ᫮ ⮢ ୥ ⠫ (筮 64
  112),      䠩   㤥   ﭠ.   ᫨   
⠭   㤥   㪠         ,     
⠭ 䠩 頥  ୥  ⠫    
filennnn.rec,  nnnn -  ᫥⥫ , 稭 
0001.
     
     ⠪:
                                          
      ⠭  䠩:
     
     recover [᪮:][]_䠩
     
      ⠭ ᪠:
     
     recover ᪮
     
     ਬ砭:
     뢠      㭪樮           
᪮, 祭  .
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     REN (RENAME)                                           (I)
     
     :
            䠩.
     
     ⠪:
     
          rename [᪮:][]_䠩1 _䠩2
     
          
     
          ren [᪮:][]_䠩1 _䠩2
             
          :
     
          _䠩1 - ஥  䠩
          _䠩2 -   䠩
     
     ਩:
     ᫨     㪠    ᪮    _䠩2,  
뢠  ந . 襭 ᯮ짮
ᨬ ⥫   .    ⥫  
஬   䠩 砥,  ᮮ⢥騩 ᨬ() 
.
     
     ਬ:
        ७ .txt  䠩 
     ७ .doc:
     
     ren *.txt *.doc
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     REPLACE                                                (E)
     
     :
           䠩().
     
     ⠪:
     
     replace [᪮:]ᯥ䨪1 [᪮:]ᯥ䨪2
             [/a][/p][/r][/s][/w][/u]
     
     :
     
     ᯥ䨪1 -    䠩 筨.
     ᯥ䨪2 -    䠩 祭.
     
     ਩:
      replace 믮  㭪樨:
     
     -  䠩    ⠫  祭    䠩  
       ⠫ 筨.
     - ᫨    㪠  /,    䠩,
       騥  ⠫ 筨  (      ⠫
       祭)  ⠫ 祭.
     
     蠥  ᯮ짮  ᨬ  ⥫.  
ਢ 祭 ᯮ㥬 祩:
     
        祭
     __________________________________________________________
     /       䠩    ⠫  筨,     
                   ᫥.         
            ᯮ짮  砬 /s  /u.
     /p     뢮 । 믮    ⢥-
            :
            
            Replace _䠩? (Y,N)
                   
     /r       䠩,  ਡ  '⮫쪮
             ⥭'.
     /s     ᬮ  ⠫   祭.
              ᮢ⨬    箬  /.  뢠
                  ᬠਢ ⠫ 
             筨.
     /u       ⮫쪮    䠩  ⠫  祭,
              ஢  ࠭  䠩 ⠫
            筨.
     /w     ,  짮⥫   ⠢  ᪥  
            䠩   ⠫  筨.    ࠭  
             ᮮ饭:
            
            press any key to continue
            (    த)
     __________________________________________________________
     
       믮      ࠭    ࠢ  
믮 /:
     
     nnn file(s) added/replaced
     (nnn 䠩 /)
     
     
     
     No files added/replaced
     (  䠩   /)
     
     ਬ砭:
     뢠      㭪樮    ⥬묨  
묨 䠩  頥 ᫥騥  襭:
     
     0 - ᯥ譮 襭.
     2 -   .
     3 -   .
     5 -  㯠.
     8 -  .
    11 - 訡   ப.
    15 - ⨬ ᪮.
     
         ᯮ짮   ⭮  ࠡ⪥  
  IF.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     RESTORE                                                (E)
     
     :
          ⠭  䠩,  ࠭    
          backup.
          
     ⠪:
     
restore ᪮1: [᪮2:][ᯥ䨪][/s][/p][/b:]
        [/a:][/e:६][/L:६][/m] [/n]
        
        :
     
        ᪮1 -  , ᮤঠ騩 ࠭ 䠩.
        ᪮2 -  ᪮ 祭,   ,  
                    ஬ 䠩 ⠭.
                             
     ਩:
       restore   ஢ ᪠ ࠧ
⨯. 祭 ᯮ㥬 祩 ਢ :
     
             祭
     __________________________________________________________
     /s          ⠭ ⠫ ⮦.
     /          뢮   ⢥ত ⠭
                 䠩,  ਡ '⮫쪮    ⥭'
                  ஢ ᫥ ࠭.
     /b:     ⠭   ⮫쪮    䠩,  
                 ஢ 㪠 ᫠  ࠭.
     /:     ⠭   ⮫쪮    䠩,  
                 ஢ 㪠 ᫠  .
     /:६    ⠭   ⮫쪮    䠩,  
                 ஢  㪠 ६  ࠭.
     /L:६    ⠭   ⮫쪮    䠩,  
                 ஢  㪠 ६  .
     /m          ⠭  ⮫쪮    䠩,   
                 ஢           ᫥
                 ࠭.
     /n          ⠭  ⮫쪮    䠩,   
                     ᪥ 祭.
     __________________________________________________________

     ਬ砭:
     뢠       ⠭ ⥬
䠩.    4.0 ⮩  ᮢ⨬   backup,
    ࠭  ᨨ   ᫥.      ਢ
頥  襭:
     
     0 - ଠ쭮 襭.
     1 -   䠩  ⠭.
     3 - ࢠ 짮⥫.
     4 - ࢠ - 訡.
                               
         ᯮ짮   ⭮  ࠡ⪥  
  IF.
     
     ਬ:
       ⠭  䠩  invest.mnt c ᪠   ⠫
accounts ᪠   ᫥  ப:
     
     restore a: c:\accounts\invest.mnt
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     RMDIR (RD)                                             (I)
     
     :
           ⠫.
     
     ⠪:
     
          rmdir [᪮:]
          
          
     
          rd [᪮:]
            
     ਩:
     ० 祬 㤠 ⠫ 室 㤠   䠩,
ᮤঠ騥  .  㤠 ⠫, ᮤঠ騩 
䠩.  ⪠  㤠  ⥪騩  ⠫  ਢ   뢮
ᮮ饭  訡:
     
     Attempt to remove current directory.
     (⪠ 㤠 ⥪騩 ⠫.)
                                      
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SELECT                                                 (I)
     
     :
          ⠫ MS-DOS  ନ஢ 䠩 autoexec.bat
           config.sys.
          
     ⠪:
     
           ᨩ MS-DOS  4.0  ⠢    Install  
᪮        CONTROL+ALT+DELETE   樠樨
ணࠬ Select. ᫨   㦥  ⠫஢ ⥬,  
室 ஢ 㦥  ࠬ, ⠢
 Install  ᪮    ᫥饥:
     
     select menu
     
     ᫥  䨪樨    ᨨ  䠩  autoexec.bat 
config.sys 뢠  ୥ ⠫ ⪮ ᪠.
     
     ਬ砭:
     ᫨ 䠩 autoexec.bat  config.sys  ⢮,  
  ᮧ. ᫨  䠩 ⢮,   
ᨨ      ,   ᮮ⢥⢥   autoexec.400    
config.400.    ⨢樨    䨣樨  室
ࠢ   ⥪騥   䠩   autoexec.bat        config.sys
ଠ樥,  ᮤঠ饩  䠩 autoexec.400  config.400,
  CONTROL+ALT+DELETE.
    
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SET                                                    (I)
     
     :
          ନ஢ ।.
     
     ⠪:
     
          set [ப1=[ப2]]
     
     ਩:
     ᫨ 㪠뢠 ࢠ ப 㦥   ।, 
 ࠬ   ।        ࠬ  (
ப).  ᫨    㪠  ⮫쪮  ப,  ࠬ
⮩ ப  । 㤥 ⬥. ᫨   ⮫쪮 ᠬ
  権,    ࠭  㤥  뢥    ⥪騥
⠭ ।.
     뢠      쬠   㤮     ⭮
ࠡ⪥.  ਬ, ᫨  ⭮  䠩    
type   %file%,           set    ,  
 ⭮ 䠩,  祭 ६ file
 ।. MS-DOS  믮 ⭮ 䠩 㤥  롨
 । ᮮ⢥饥 祭, ਬ moifile.txt:
     
     set file=moifile.txt
                 
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SHARE                                                  (E)
     
     :
          ⠭  ⥬ ࠧ (ᮢ⭮ )
           ஢ 䠩.
          
     ⠪:
     
          share [/f:][/L:⢮_஢]
     
     ਩:
     筮   ᯮ  ,      
䠩      ࠧ  ࠧ묨 ணࠬ. 
⮬ 砥  ⪨ 饭  䠩  ஭  ணࠬ
室  १  楤  ஢ન     ᮮ⢥⢨ 
ࠧ,   뢠  䠩.
     ᫨  室 ᪮ 樨   ᬥ,  
share ᬠਢ   ⮬    ।    ᮮ⢥⢨
⪥  ⮬ ।饣 ᪠.  砥 ᮮ⢥⢨ ⥬
  ⠢ ᮮ⢥騩 .
     ⥬  share  㦠  ⮬᪨,  ᫨ ࠧ
襣 ⪮ ᪠ ॢ 32 .    ஡
      ᠭ    ࠢ筨  ணࠬ  MS-DOS.
⥫쭠 ଠ   ਫ  ,  '䨣
襩 ⥬'.
      ਢ 祭 ᯮ㥬 祩:
     
     /f:            뤥塞    
                 ࠭ 室 ଠ樨.  㬮砭
                 ਭ 2048. ,      
                 ⮣ 䠩 ॡ  20 , ..
                 ।  ᯥ䨪樨 ࠢ 20 .
                 
     /L:⢮_஢
                 
                 뢠        ࠧ襭       ⢮
                 ⠭  ஢.      㬮砭
                 ਭ 20.
     
       ⮫쪮    ⨫ ⥬ ࠧ 䠩, 
饭  ᫥ (⥭/) ஢ 樮
⥬.
     

     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SORT                                                   (E)
     
     :
          ⥭  ,  ஢       
          ࠭, 䠩  㣮 ன⢮.
          
     ⠪:
     
          [筨] | sort [/r][/+]
     
          
     
          sort [/r][/+] < 筨
          
          :
     
          筨 -  䠩  .
          /r  -    ,   ।祭      ⭮
                 ஢, ..  Z    ⥬  9  0.
     
     ਩:
         ஢      䠢⭮
浪    ᨬ   ,  ன  㪠뢠 
  ப.  ᫨  ⠪      㪠,      
  ࢮ ᨬ ப (ࢠ ).
     ᫨  筨   㪠   sort 롨ࠥ 
 ⠭⭮ .
     
     ਬ砭:
     稩    묨    ய묨   㪢   
.  , 騥   ASCII 127,  
᭮  ଠ樨,  㪠뢠    䠩   country.sys   
 country  䠩 config.sys.
     
     ਬ:
     
     dir | sort /+14 | more
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SUBST                                              (E) (N)
     
     :
          ⠭ ப  .
     
     ⠪:
     
          subst [᪮: ᪮:]
     
          
     
          subst ᪮: /d

     ਩:
          樨஢   
᪮. ᫥⢨    ᯮ짮  ࠧ
.
       MS-DOS  室    ப    㠫
᪮,      㪢  (  ⮣  ᪮)  
ᮮ⢥騩 ॠ ᪮  .
      subst  権 뢮      㠫
᪮.   /d  ।祭  ⬥ ⠭.
        ਢ   ᯨ᮪  ,    㭪樮  
᪮, 祭  뫮    subst
 join:
     
     backup      format
     chkdsk      label
     diskcomp    recover
     diskcopy    restore
     fdisk       sys
     
     ਬ:
     
     subst z: b:\user\betty\forms
     
       ⮬ ਬ ⠥,   ।⥫쭮 稫
 䠩 config.sys ப:
     
     lastdrive=z
          
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     SYS                                                (E) (N)
     
     :
          ७ ⥬ 䠩 MS-DOS c ⥪饣 ᪠  
          㪠.
          
     ⠪:
     
          sys ᪮:
     
     ਩:
     ७ᨬ 䠩   ᫥饬 浪:
     
     io.sys
     msdos.sys
     
     뢠   ७  䠩  command.com.  
⮣   copy.
     
     ਬ砭:
     뢠      㭪樮           
᪮, 祭  .
                                             
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     TIME
     
     :
          뢮  ⠭ ⥬ ६.
     
     ⠪:
     
          time [:[:ᥪ㭤 [.]]]
     
     ਩:
       time    権  뢮  ⥪饥  ६  
  :
     
     current time is :::.
     (⥪饥 ६ - ::.)
     enter new time:_
     (  ६:_)
     
       ,  ᫨          .  
㪠 ६ ࠧ襭 ᫥騥 祭:
     
         = 0-23
       = 0-59
     ᥪ㭤 = 0-59
        = 0-99
     
        ࠧ⥫       ࠭,  ᬠਢ
⥬  ⢥ ⥪饩.   ࠧ⥫ - (:). ଠ
    䠩 config.sys.
      砥 訡     ६    ࠭  
ᮮ饭:
     
     Invalid time
     Enter new time:_
     (⨬ ६
       ६:_)
     
     ਬ:
     
     time 13:36
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     TREE                                                   (E)
     
     :
          뢮  ᪮ ଥ ॢ ⠫.
     
     ⠪:
     
          tree [ᯥ䨪:] [/f] [/a]
     
     ਩:
     ᫨   ⢥ ᯥ䨪樨  㪠  ᪮,
  ॢ  ⠫  㤥  뢥,  稭    ୥
⠫. ᫨  㪠  ᯥ䨪樨  ⠫,    ॢ
⠫  㤥  뢥,  稭    㪠 ⠫.
      ਢ 祭 ᯮ㥬 祩:
     
     /f   뢮   䠩   ⠫.
     /   ᯮ짮  뢮 ॢ ⠫ ᨬ
          ᥢ䨪, 騥    ࠭.
     
     ਬ:
     
     tree c: /f | more
                  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     TYPE                                                   (I)
     
     :
          뢮  ࠭ ᮤন ⥪⮢ 䠩.
     
     ⠪:
     
          type [᪮:]_䠩
     
     ਩:
         ⠡樨            뢮    
     ᮮ⢥饥 ⢮ ஡.
     
     ਬ:
     
     type moifile.doc | more
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     VER                                                    (I)
     
     :
          뢮  ᨨ MS-DOS.
     
     ⠪:
     
          ver
     
     ਬ:
         뢠  ᫥饥 ᮮ饭 㤥
뢥  ࠭:
     
     MS-DOS Version 4.0
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     VERIFY                                                 (I)
     
     :
            ⠭ 䫠 ஢ન      
          ⥭  ᪠ (஢ /⥭  ).
                                    
     ⠪:
     
          verify [on]
     
          
     
          verify [off]
     
     ਩:
            ,    /v  
copy. ⮡ 㧭 ⥪饥 ﭨ  䫠  ஢ન  
 verify  権.
       on  ⠭  䫠 ஢ન (஢),  off
뢠.
     
     
     
     
     
                                         
     
     __________________________________________________________
     VOL                                                    (I)
     
     :
          뢮  ࠭ ⪨ ⮬ ᪠  ਩  ,
          ᫨ ⠪   .
                                        
     ⠪:
     
          vol[᪮:]
     
     ਩:
         ⮩        ᫥
ᮮ饭:
     
     Volume in drive A is DOS 4-0
     Volume serial number is 2224-18C8
     (⪠ ⮬ ᪠  - DOS 4-0)
     (਩  - 2224-188)
     
     
     
     Volume in drive A has no label.
     (   ᮤন ⪨ ⮬.)
                                    
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     __________________________________________________________
     XCOPY                                                  (E)
     
     :
          ஢ 䠩    ⠫,    ⠫
           ஢, ᫨ ⠪ .
     
     ⠪:
     
     xcopy [᪮:]ᯥ䨪 [᪮:][ᯥ䨪]
           [/][/d:][/][/m][/p][/s][/v][/w]
                                   
     
        
     xcopy ᪮:[ᯥ䨪] [᪮:][ᯥ䨪]
           [/][/d:][/][/m][/p][/s][/v][/w]
                                  
     ਩:
        ᪮    ᯥ䨪  㪠뢠  㥬
䠩,   ᪮  ᯥ䨪 㪠뢠 ,  㤠
  室  ᪮஢.  襩    権 
㪠 筨   ⢮.  ᫨    
㪠   祭,  ⠪ 㤥  ⥪騩
⠫. ᫨      ᯥ䨪,    ⠪  㤥
 ⥪騩 ⠫   䠩 - *.*.
      ਢ 祭 ᯮ㥬 祩:
     
          祭
     __________________________________________________________
     /       ஢   䠩,      ⠭    ⮬
              娢.   䠩 筨  .
     /d:  ஢  䠩,    ᨫ
              㪠 ᫠  . ଠ   
               ⮣,  ࠭ ਭ ⥪饩.
     /       ஢    ⠫,    ᫨  
              .    㦭  ᯮ짮    
              箬 /s.
     /m         ᠬ,       /, ⮫쪮  娢
              䠩 筨 뢠.
     /       ।  믮    뤠     
              ⢥ত: (Y,N).
     /s       ஢   ⠫      ⠫  
              ஢, ᫨   . ᫨      㪠
                 ,         xcopy  ࠡ⠥  
              ⢥ ⠫.
     /v       ஢  믮塞 .
     /w       ঠ 믮 ᫥騬 ᮮ饭:
     
              press any key when ready to start copying files
              ( 㤥 ⮢  ஢  䠩  
               ).
              
              ⮡ ࢠ 믮  CONTROL+C.
     __________________________________________________________

       ⫨稥      diskcopy  xcopy 
஢  ᪥    ⫨騬    ᪥  筨
ଠ⮬.
      頥 ᫥騥  襭:
     
     0 -  訡.
     1 -   ஢  .
     2 - ࢠ 짮⥫.
     4 - 訡  樠樨  (  ,  ४
         ᨭ⠪, 䠩  ,   ).
     5 - 뢠 24.
                        
         ᯮ짮   ⭮  ࠡ⪥  
  IF.
     
     ਬ:
     
     xcopy a: b: /s /e
